Our mutual fund investors pay two basic types of fees: expense ratios and sales commissions which are known in the industry as sales loads. Traditionally, mutual fund expense ratios are the cost of ongoing expenses such as fund administration and operating costs. These fees are paid annually as a percentage of your total assets in the fund. As noted above, passively managed funds have lower expense ratios compared to actively managed accounts as they require fewer financial professionals and other overhead costs. In 2018, our average equity mutual fund charged an expense ratio of 1.25% but the average equity-fund investor only paid 0.59%. That might not seem like a big difference, but over time it can add up to tens of thousands of dollars in lost retirement savings. Another common expense are sales loads. These are commissions paid at the time of share purchase (front-end loads) and when redeemed (back-end loads). Mutual funds come in four different structures that will impact fees you’ll pay.
Most mutual funds are Open-end funds where there is no limit to the number of investors or shares. The NAV per share rises and falls with the value of the fund. On the other hand, Close-end funds have a limited number of shares offered during an IPO and we manage far fewer closed-end funds compared to open-end funds.
Whether or not funds carry commissions, they are expressed by “loads”, such as Load funds. The majority of our managed funds charge a sales commission to the advisor in addition to the NAV share price. However, our No-load funds, also known as “no-transaction-fee funds,” charge no sales commissions for the purchase or sale of a fund share, the most common entry point for our investors.
When a fund receives dividends or interest from the securities in its portfolio, it distributes a proportional amount of that income to its investors. When purchasing shares in a mutual fund, you can choose to receive your distributions directly or have them reinvested in the fund.
When a fund sells a security that has gone up in price, it is a capital gain. When a fund sells a security that has gone down in price, it is a capital loss. Most funds distribute any net capital gains to investors annually.
As the value of the fund increases, so does the price to purchase shares in the fund (known as the NAV per share). This is similar to when the price of a stock increases — you don’t receive immediate distributions but the value of your investment becomes greater. You would make money should you decide to sell.
Diversification. This is one of the most important principles of investing. If a single company fails and all your money was invested in that one company, then you have lost your money. However, if a single company fails within your portfolio of many companies, then your loss is constrained. Mutual funds provide access to a diversified portfolio without the difficulties of having to purchase and monitor dozens of assets yourself.
Simplicity. Once you’re exposed to a mutual fund with a good track record, you have a relatively small role to play. Let us do all the heavy lifting.
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